We identified a third type of second-order risk, identity risks, or threats to the sense of self. We use a qualitative thematic analysis of 131 obstetrics nurses’ narrative responses on a critical incident survey to refine theoretical constructs of risk orders theory. In this article, we draw on data from a survey of obstetric nurses who attended the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses conference in 2010 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Third-order risks are threats to collective agency and imagination underpinning shared culture. Second-order risks are threats experienced by individuals because of communication about first-order risk, including threats to social relationships or social risks, and threats to the sense of moral character or moral risk. First-order risks are constructed from claims about tangible dangers that individuals believe result from their actions or inactions. Risk orders theory proposes three orders of risk. According to risk orders theory, risk discourses can create social worlds that have the capacity to threaten individuals’ social bonds, identity, and moral character, and the imaginative potential of entire cultures. In this article, we use risk orders theory to examine nurses’ perceptions of patient safety risk in Obstetrics departments of U.S. Recovering lost threads of the nursing story will improve self-identity and empower nurses to be active partners in the creation and delivery of sustainable models of healthcare.ĭiscourses about health risks can have major implications for individuals and cultures. Content analysis also revealed themes of the interconnection of humans and nature, the importance of a global perspective, the use of multiple ways of knowing, the value of astute observation, and the necessity for medicine to be individualized. The writings of Mary Seacole (1857/2005), Lillian Wald (1915), Margaret Sanger (1923/1971), Sister Elizabeth Kenny (Kenny & Ostenso, 1943), and others were analyzed for themes that support partnership and collaboration. Recent nursing research has demonstrated patient outcomes improve with implementation of collaborative care, yet new nurses have limited exposure to models of collaboration. The second objective of the study was to reconstruct a new story of nursing by illuminating historic exemplars of partnership and collaboration. Content and narrative analysis revealed that dominator values and themes were consistently used while partnership themes were weak or absent. The history of nursing was critiqued in eight current nursing fundamental textbooks. The first objective of the present study was to determine if nursing fundamental textbooks in the United States use the story of the history of nursing to support a dominator paradigm. Her cultural transformation theory identifies ideological differences between dominator and partnership paradigms. Social theorist Riane Eisler (1987, 2002) describes human history as a persistent conflict between two paradigms or patterns of social organization. Chapters describing the history of nursing offer powerful stories and images that initiate the development of nursing identity in novices. Nursing fundamental textbooks initiate socialization for and profoundly impact the self-identity and practice of future nurses therefore, the paradigms and ideologies within the texts must be critically evaluated. Teddie Michelle Potter Carey Clark RN Ph.D., Committee Chair California Institute of Integral Studies, 2010 RECONSTRUCTING A NEW STORY OF NURSING: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF NURSING TEXTBOOKS USING RIANE EISLER’S PARTNERSHIP PARADIGM ABSTRACT Paradigms and stories shape our perception of the world around us they frame the past and suggest possible futures.
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